CRC final XOR (XorOut)
Learn when the final XOR (XorOut) is applied to the CRC register, and why a raw internal remainder can differ from the published, transmitted CRC value.
The final transformation
XorOut is XORed with the CRC register after all input has been processed and the output orientation has been resolved according to the model.
Raw remainder versus reported CRC
Hardware registers and protocol documentation may expose different stages of the calculation. A raw internal remainder can therefore differ from the transmitted or displayed CRC by reflection, final XOR, or byte order.
Width masking
The final value must remain masked to the configured width. This is especially important in JavaScript because bitwise operators normally use signed 32-bit integers.
Apply this reference
Change CRC parameters and compare standard algorithm results using the browser-based calculator.